本课目标

学完本课，你能够：

• 区分必须遵守的规则、常见但可变的做法和个人选择；
• 用 Do we have to …? / Are we supposed to …? / Is it okay if …?询问义务与许可；
• 用 usually / tend to / it depends描述有范围的倾向；
• 在对方过度概括时，礼貌缩小结论范围；
• 向新参加者解释三项不同性质的做法。

本课边界

Daniel和Grace询问的是Port Mason Archive Center这一次工作坊的安排。People at this event usually …不等于People in Port Mason always …。一条规则也不一定适用于整栋楼：可进入的区域、活动时段和主持人的具体指示都会改变答案。

场景词汇

• visible badge 外露的证件牌
• archive room 档案室
• staff corridor 员工通道
• assigned seat 指定座位
• open table 有空位的桌子
• speaker 发言者
• permission 许可
• no-photography sign 禁止摄影标志

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One place, three kinds of practice

At the Port Mason Archive Center, Daniel and Grace meet Leah, one of the workshop hosts. They want to follow the local arrangements without turning one event into a cultural rule.

Part A — Asking before assuming

Daniel: Everyone at registration has a badge on. Is that how it’s usually done here?

Leah: At this workshop, yes. The archive rooms require visible badges, but that’s a building rule, not a Port Mason custom.

Grace: Do we have to keep them on in the public café too?

Leah: No. Only in the archive rooms and the staff corridor. You can remove them in the café.

Daniel: Are we supposed to wait for a host before sitting down at lunch?

Leah: No seats are assigned. People at this event usually join any table with an open chair.

Grace: I noticed that people were leaving the front table empty. Is that table reserved?

Leah: It tends to stay open for speakers until the main session begins. If a host opens it, other guests can sit there.

Daniel: So people in Port Mason always leave the best table for speakers.

Leah: I wouldn’t generalize from one workshop. It’s safer to say that participants here tend to leave that table open.

Part B — Separating rules from choices

Grace: What about recording an interview? Do we have to ask the host first?

Leah: You need permission from each person you record. Taking written notes is okay unless a speaker asks you to stop.

Daniel: Is it okay if I photograph a presentation slide instead?

Leah: It depends on the session. If you see a no-photography sign, don’t take a picture. Otherwise, ask before the session starts.

Grace: What’s the simplest way to check without interrupting anyone?

Leah: Ask, “Is it okay if I take a photo of the slides?” A host can answer before the speaker begins.

Daniel: Let me check that I understand. Badges are required in archive rooms, lunch seating is usually flexible, and recording depends on individual permission.

Leah: Exactly. One is a rule, one is a common practice, and one requires a person-specific answer.

Grace: That distinction is useful for visitors. It tells us what to do without pretending every event works the same way.

Leah: Right. Describe this setting accurately, and leave room for another setting to be different.

Check the story

1. Where must visitors wear visible badges?
2. Are lunch seats assigned?
3. Why is the front table often empty?
4. What is wrong with Daniel’s first statement about Port Mason?
5. Whose permission is needed for a recording?
6. What three categories does Daniel summarize?

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Three notices from the same event

Information	Meaning	Language
Visible badges required beyond this point	fixed rule in named rooms	must / have to / required
Open seating at lunch	usual practice, not a command	usually / tend to
Ask each speaker before recording	permission depends on the person	need permission / Is it okay if …?

范围阶梯

从窄到宽比较：

1. At this table, people tend to leave two seats open.
2. At this workshop, people usually join any open table.
3. At this center, badges are required in archive rooms.
4. In Port Mason, people always do this.

前三句都有明确依据和范围。第四句把一次活动扩展成城市文化，而且使用always，现有证据不足。

规则不等于习惯

• Badges are required. 不遵守会违反规则。
• People usually join an open table. 这是常见情况，但可以有例外。
• It depends on the speaker. 需要询问具体的人，不能预先替对方同意。

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本课负荷说明

本课主动掌握6个新词块。第57课“核对不同记忆”的表达在练习中近距离复现，但不重复计算为新项目。

1. Is that how it’s usually done here?

先询问观察到的做法是否常见。here必须有清楚范围。

People are signing in at the side desk. Is that how it’s usually done here?

2. Do we have to …?

询问是否存在必须履行的要求。语气中性、直接。

Do we have to leave our bags outside the archive room?

3. Are we supposed to …?

询问安排、惯例或他人期待，不一定是正式规则。

Are we supposed to wait here for the guide?

4. Is it okay if …?

在行动前询问许可。对录音、拍摄或使用他人物品尤其重要。

Is it okay if I take notes during the interview?

5. People here usually / tend to …

描述有限场景中的倾向。tend to比always留出了例外空间。

Participants here tend to introduce themselves before asking a question.

6. It depends on …

说明答案随某个条件变化，然后补充应向谁确认。

It depends on the session. Check the sign by the door.

Don’t Say It That Way

容易说出的句子	问题	更自然、准确的表达
What is your custom here?	范围模糊且容易把安排文化化	Is that how it’s usually done at this event?
Do all people here do that?	all把例外排除	Do participants here usually do that?
I can record because no one said no.	沉默不等于许可	Is it okay if I record this conversation?
This city always saves the front table.	一次观察不足以概括城市	At this workshop, the front table tends to stay open for speakers.

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1. have to：外部要求

We have to wear badges in the archive rooms.
Do we have to wear them in the café?

否定形式don’t have to表示“不必”，不等于“禁止”：

You don’t have to keep the badge on in the café.

2. be supposed to：安排或期待

Are we supposed to wait for a host?
The speakers are supposed to use the front table.

它可以描述约定流程，但是否属于硬规则仍要从场景确认。

3. Is it okay if + 句子：询问许可

Is it okay if I take a photo?

这里if后用一般现在时，不写will take。

4. usually / tend to：有例外的倾向

Participants usually join an open table.
The front table tends to stay open.

usually + 动词；tend to + 动词原形。

5. 范围必须和证据匹配

At this event, participants tend to eat together.
In every archive in the country, people do that.

第二句需要远比一次观察更强的证据。语法正确不代表结论合理。

快速练习

选择合适形式：

1. Do we ______ wear a badge beyond this door? (have to / supposed to)
2. Are we ______ leave our bags here? (have to / supposed to)
3. You don’t ______ reserve a lunch seat. (have to / mustn’t)
4. Is it okay if I ______ written notes? (take / will take)
5. Participants usually ______ any open table. (join / to join)
6. The front table tends ______ open until noon. (stay / to stay)

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一般信息问题在句尾轻微下降：

Do we HAVE TO keep the badges on in the café? ↘

真正开放的许可问题可以在句尾略微上扬：

Is it OKAY if I take a photo? ↗

限制范围时，在场景词上放重音：

At THIS WORKSHOP, / people usually join an open table.

修正过度概括时，先降低对抗感：

I wouldn’t GENERALIZE / from one workshop.

影子跟读

Is that how it’s usually done here?
Are we supposed to wait for a host?
It depends on the session.
Participants here tend to leave that table open.

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A. 理解检查

判断正误：

1. Visible badges are required everywhere in Port Mason.
2. Visitors may remove badges in the public café.
3. All lunch tables are assigned.
4. The front table is sometimes opened by a host.
5. Written notes always require the host’s permission.
6. Recording requires permission from each recorded person.

B. Rule / Usual practice / It depends

分类：

1. Badges are required in archive rooms.
2. Participants tend to join open tables at lunch.
3. Photography varies by session.
4. A speaker must agree before being recorded.
5. The front table often remains open before the main session.
6. A sign may prohibit photos in one room.

C. 用合适的问题询问

根据情境，用本课词块写问题：

1. 你不知道包是否必须寄存。
2. 你不确定大家是否应该先签到。
3. 你想拍一张幻灯片。
4. 你观察到午餐时大家自由拼桌。
5. 对方问能否录音，但答案随发言者而变。

D. Lesson 57近距离检索

两位参加者对午餐安排记忆不同：

A remembers that a host assigned every seat.
B remembers choosing any open chair.
A photo at 12:02 shows name cards only at the speakers’ table.
The lunch note says, “Open seating except front table.”

写六句核对对话，必须包含：

• That’s not how I remember it.
• I may be mixing up … with …
• What happened before / after …?
• The record shows …
• We were both right about …

E. 把概括缩回证据范围

改写：

1. People in this city never sit alone.
2. Every archive requires the same badge.
3. Nobody here photographs slides.
4. The front table is always forbidden.
5. Silence means everyone agrees to recording.

每句必须标明at this event / in this room / the people I observed等范围。

F. 调解说明

一位新参加者说：“既然午餐座位很随意，录音应该也不用问。”请向他说明：

1. 哪一项是场景惯例；
2. 哪一项涉及个人许可；
3. 沉默为什么不是同意；
4. 他可以怎样询问；
5. 如果出现标志，应以什么为准。

完成90—120词口头调解。

G. 实用写作：给下一位访客的活动说明

写100—130词，解释：

• 哪些区域必须戴证件；
• 午餐座位通常怎样安排；
• 拍照为什么要看具体场次；
• 录音前应向谁询问；
• 哪些信息只适用于本次活动。

H. 中译英情境表达

1. 这里通常是这样做的吗？
2. 我们必须一直戴着证件吗？
3. 我们应该等主持人来安排座位吗？
4. 我拍一张幻灯片可以吗？
5. 这次活动的参加者通常会加入任何有空位的桌子。
6. 这取决于具体场次；开始前先问一下。

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观察一个你熟悉的场景

选择办公室、健身房、社区活动或家庭聚会，写三类信息：

• 一条真正的规则；
• 一项通常做法；
• 一件必须向具体的人询问的事。

为每项各写一个访客问题和一个准确回答。

做一次“范围检查”

圈出自己答案中的always / everyone / people here / our culture。逐一检查：

• 证据是否真的覆盖这个范围；
• 能否改成usually / tend to / at this event；
• 是否有许可问题不能靠观察推断。

两天后的复测

只看：

RULE → USUAL PRACTICE → PERMISSION → SCOPE

用一个全新场景做90秒无稿说明。

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• 我能区分必须遵守的规则和常见但可变的做法。
• 我能用三种问题分别询问义务、安排和许可。
• 我能正确使用usually和tend to。
• 我会先征得录音或拍摄许可，不把沉默当作同意。
• 我不会用一次活动概括整座城市或一种文化。
• 我完成了访客说明和90—120词调解。
• 我能在两天后用新场景说明规则、惯例、许可和范围。