本课目标

学完本课，你能够：

• 用事实、已有承诺和未知项说明处境；
• 区分could / might want to / should / I'd avoid的建议强度；
• 回应建议，但把最终决定留给自己；
• 比较建议的好处、风险和可逆性；
• 写一封先澄清范围、不仓促承诺的回复。

本课边界

本课讨论低风险的志愿工作边界。Aisha在L32只承诺：文字和许可明确后制作一张海报。额外的活动日程图、赞助方图和三种社交媒体版本从未被同意，也没有报价。提出建议不等于替她决定。

场景词汇

• scope 工作范围
• extra request 额外请求
• volunteer contribution 志愿贡献
• paid brief 付费任务说明
• deadline 截止时间
• deliverable 交付物
• reversible 可撤回或可调整的
• expectation 预期

---

Advice without taking over

Aisha shows Maya an email from Priya, the arts center's events coordinator. The message asks whether Aisha can turn the future exhibition poster into three additional launch graphics by Friday.

Part A — Explaining the real problem

Aisha: I could use some advice. The arts center has asked for three extra graphics by Friday, but I only agreed to make one poster after the text and permissions are ready.

Maya: Do you want help deciding whether to do the extra work, or help deciding how to reply?

Aisha: Both, really. I want to support the project, but there is no final text, no separate brief and no budget in the email.

Maya: Then you could ask Priya to separate the original poster from the new request.

Aisha: That would make the scope clearer. I'm worried that asking about money will sound unfriendly because the project is community-based.

Maya: You might want to ask about scope, deadline and budget together. That sounds like project planning, not a demand for payment.

Aisha: True. The deadline is also difficult. I have two client files due on Thursday.

Maya: I think you should protect work that you have already promised. A volunteer request doesn't cancel a paid commitment.

Aisha: So the issue isn't whether community work matters. It's whether I can responsibly add three undefined items this week.

Part B — Comparing advice and choosing

Maya: Exactly. I'd avoid replying with a quick yes and trying to solve the details later.

Aisha: What about refusing everything now?

Maya: You don't have to decide that today. First ask for the missing information. If the extra work is still unrealistic, you can decline it clearly.

Aisha: Let's compare the advice by risk and reversibility. Asking for a written scope is low-risk and keeps the conversation open.

Maya: And keeping your original one-poster commitment prevents the new request from replacing what you actually agreed to.

Aisha: The downside is that Priya may still need a quick answer about Friday.

Maya: Then give her a time when you can respond after she clarifies the request. A clear next step is better than a vague maybe.

Aisha: Based on that, the best fit is to ask for a separate brief today and say that I can't confirm Friday until I see the scope, deadline and budget.

Maya: That sounds measured. Which second piece of advice are you choosing?

Aisha: I'll protect the existing poster commitment and avoid promising any extra graphics until we have a separate agreement.

Maya: Good. The choice is yours, but now your reply can show both support and a real boundary.

Check the story

1. What had Aisha originally agreed to make?
2. What three pieces of information are missing from Priya's email?
3. Why does Maya recommend protecting existing client work?
4. Which response does Maya advise Aisha to avoid?
5. What two pieces of advice does Aisha choose?
6. Does Aisha reject all future extra work?

---

Priya的邮件摘录

Subject: A few quick launch graphics?
Hi Aisha, Lena mentioned that you may be able to adapt the exhibition poster. Could you also create an event-schedule graphic, a sponsor graphic and one social-media design in three sizes by Friday? We can send the final wording later. Please let me know if that works.

事实、假设与未知

信息	状态	为什么重要
one poster after text and permissions	已有承诺	不能被额外请求静默替换
three extra graphics by Friday	新请求	尚未接受
final wording later	未准备好	影响范围和截止时间
budget	未说明	不能假设为有或没有
Lena mentioned Aisha may be able to help	转述	不等于Aisha本人同意

---

本课负荷说明

本课有6项新的建议词块。第44课的比较与决定词块只作间隔复现。

1. I could use some advice.

我想听听建议。中性、自然；表示你仍保留决定权，不等于要求对方替你解决。

2. You could …

你可以……。较轻；提出一个可选方案。

3. You might want to …

你或许可以考虑……。更委婉；常用于提醒一个值得考虑的步骤。

4. I think you should …

我认为你应该……。比could更强，适合有明确理由的建议，但不是命令。

5. I'd avoid …

我会避免……。用于指出一个具体风险较高的做法；应说明原因。

6. You don't have to decide right now.

你不必现在决定。用于降低不必要的时间压力；不表示问题可以永久搁置。

One Line, Three Strengths

说法	强度	适合
You could ask for more detail.	轻	给出一个选择
You might want to ask for more detail.	轻且委婉	提醒值得考虑
I think you should ask for more detail.	较强	理由明确、需要行动

---

1. 轻建议

You could ask for a separate brief.
You might want to ask about the budget.

could + 动词原形给选择；might want to + 动词原形把建议再缓和一层。

2. 较强建议

I think you should protect existing commitments.

I think承认这是说话者的判断；should仍比命令柔和，但需要清楚理由。

3. 避免某行动

I'd avoid replying with a quick yes.

avoid后接-ing。不要只说“别做”，应补充风险或替代方案。

4. 回应建议

That makes sense.
I'm leaning toward the first option.
I'll think about that, but I need more information.

接受建议不等于同意每一部分；可以说明自己采用、保留或拒绝的内容。

快速练习

1. You __________ ask for the written scope. (could)
2. You might want __________ the deadline first. (to check)
3. I think you __________ protect the work already promised. (should)
4. I'd avoid __________ a vague maybe. (sending)
5. You don't have __________ today. (to decide)

---

You COULD ask for a separate brief. ↘
You might want to ask about the BUDGET. ↘
I think you SHOULD protect existing commitments. ↘

轻建议不需要刻意升调成问题；重点落在建议动作。较强建议可在should和理由关键词上加重，但避免像训斥。

影子跟读

先说同一建议的三个版本，再录下自己的回应。回听时检查：听者能否只凭语气分辨“一个选择”和“较强建议”。

---

A. 理解检查

判断True / False / Not stated。

1. Aisha had agreed to create four graphics.
2. The final wording is already available.
3. Priya's email gives a budget.
4. Maya tells Aisha to reject all future work immediately.
5. Aisha chooses to request a separate brief.
6. Aisha keeps her original poster commitment.

B. 建议强度

为每项选择could / might want to / should / I'd avoid，并写一句理由。

1. A friend has two equally safe options.
2. A deadline may be based on missing information.
3. Someone is about to break an existing promise.
4. A vague yes may create an unwanted commitment.

C. 比较两条建议

情境：你被要求在本周末额外承担一项志愿任务，但范围不清。比较：

• ask for details before deciding;
• say yes now and work out the details later;
• decline everything immediately.

至少使用risk / reversibility / existing commitment三个标准。

D. Lesson 44近距离检索

合上第44课，用英文完成：

1. 说明当前回复方式不够好。
2. 提议按风险和可逆性比较三个回复。
3. 说明“先问清范围”可能带来的结果。
4. 指出“立刻答应”的缺点。
5. 根据两个标准选出最合适的回复。

E. Lesson 29远距离检索

不用原课例句，完成六项：

1. 发起一次非紧急但需要专注的谈话。
2. 用可观察事件说明感受。
3. 说明具体发生了什么。
4. 提出双方共同采取的动作。
5. 澄清自己没有要求对方做什么。
6. 提出一个真正有帮助的改变。

F. 模拟互动

A说明一个边界困境，只能提供事实、已有承诺和未知项。B给出四种不同强度建议。A必须追问理由、比较两条建议，并明确最终选择；交换角色。

G. 实用写作：先澄清再决定

给Priya写100—140词回复。包括：

• 重述原有一张海报的承诺；
• 把三张额外图列为新请求；
• 询问范围、最终文字、截止时间和预算；
• 明确现在不能确认周五；
• 给出收到信息后的回复时间；
• 保持友好，但不写I'll try制造模糊承诺。

H. 中译英情境表达

1. 我想听听你的建议。
2. 你可以先要求一份单独的任务说明。
3. 你或许可以同时询问范围和预算。
4. 我认为你应该保护已经答应的工作。
5. 我会避免先答应、以后再处理细节。
6. 你不必现在决定。

---

两分钟独立录音

选择一个低风险困境：额外任务、朋友邀请、家庭安排或志愿请求。按以下顺序：

1. 已知事实；
2. 已有承诺；
3. 未知信息；
4. 两条收到的建议；
5. 你的选择和理由。

现实互动

向可信任的人说明该困境，请对方只给两个选择，不替你决定。之后用英文记录：I chose / I didn't choose / My reason。

一周后的复查

不看原稿重新录90秒。检查自己是否仍能区分could / might want to / should / I'd avoid。

---

为每项选择：能做到／还不稳定／需要重学。

• 我能用事实、已有承诺和未知项说明困境。
• 我能区分四种建议强度。
• 我能询问建议理由，而不是只说OK。
• 我能比较两条建议并保留最终决定权。
• 我能复现第44课的五个比较与决定词块。
• 我能写一封100—140词、没有模糊承诺的澄清回复。

若有两项以上选择“需要重学”，先重做第5部分和第7部分B—G；一周后用另一个低风险困境复测。