本课目标

学完本课，你能够：

• 用共同标准比较三个方案，而不是只表达个人喜欢；
• 综合关系从句、使役结构与被动表达说明地点、执行和记录；
• 说明方案的好处、缺点和证据；
• 复现第40课的建议与复查词块；
• 写一则可供未参会者执行的社区决定确认消息。

本课边界

这是Unit 11整合课，不新增主要语法。讨论的是从艺术中心大厅到侧展厅的访客引导；所有示例文字和图片仍为测试材料，不代表任何候选照片或故事已获公开许可。

场景词汇

• wayfinding 导向指引
• standing sign 立式指示牌
• wall arrow 墙面箭头
• greeter 入口引导志愿者
• readability 易读性
• storage 存放空间
• staffing 人员安排
• reusable 可重复使用的

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Three ways to guide one visitor

Lena, Aisha and Daniel review the internal rehearsal. Visitors must be able to find the side gallery from the lobby without blocking the elevator or service desk.

Part A — Comparing by shared criteria

Lena: The rehearsal showed that our small direction card isn't clear enough. We need a better option before the public event.

Aisha: Let's compare the three ideas by the same criteria: clarity, accessibility, cost, storage and staffing.

Daniel: Option one is a set of printed wall arrows that lead from the front doors to the side gallery. They cost about forty-five dollars.

Lena: The advantage is a continuous route. The downside is that adhesive has to be approved, and the arrows are mostly single-use.

Aisha: Option two is two reusable standing signs: one next to the service desk and one that faces people leaving the elevator. The quote is one hundred eighty dollars, including one sample panel.

Daniel: They can be moved, stored and used for later events. We'd have the large text printed on replaceable panels.

Lena: Option three is a volunteer greeter who stays near the front doors.

Aisha: A person can answer questions, but one greeter won't cover the whole afternoon. We'd need two volunteers per hour and a backup for breaks.

Daniel: The main trade-off is flexibility versus dependable coverage.

Part B — Choosing a fit, not a perfect answer

Lena: What would you do?

Aisha: If I were you, I'd choose the standing signs as the base plan. The safest option is the one that doesn't depend on continuous staffing or wall adhesive.

Daniel: I agree, but let's keep one greeter for the opening hour, when questions will be most frequent.

Lena: Based on our criteria, the best fit is two standing signs plus one opening-hour greeter. The signs stay within the two-hundred-dollar wayfinding limit.

Aisha: We should still test readability. I'm having one sample panel printed before the full order.

Daniel: And the payment record should be checked before anything is reordered. We were charged twice last time, even though the refund has now been issued.

Lena: Good. I'll ask for one itemized quote and written approval before the full order is placed.

Aisha: The downside is storage. Where will the signs go afterward?

Lena: In the closet that is behind the service desk. Facilities confirmed that the lower shelf is available.

Daniel: Then we can revisit the layout if the sample is hard to read, but we don't need to reopen the whole decision.

Lena: Agreed. I'll send a summary with the option, reasons, cost limit, sample test and owners.

After the meeting, Lena sends the summary. Sam confirms the storage shelf and the written $180 quote. The next day, Aisha has one generic large-text arrow panel printed. The team checks it from three lobby positions and can read it clearly, so Lena places the order for two reusable signs. The sample contains no candidate photograph or story. Two business days later, the duplicate $140 refund appears on the arts center's card within the stated window.

Check the story

1. What five criteria does the group use?
2. What is the main benefit and downside of wall arrows?
3. What is the quoted cost of two standing signs?
4. Why is a greeter not sufficient as the only solution?
5. Which combined plan is chosen?
6. What must happen before the full order is placed?

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三方案比较表

方案	Clarity	Accessibility	Cost	Storage	Staffing
A. Printed wall arrows	continuous route	large print possible; wall approval needed	$45	none	none
B. Two standing signs	clear at two decision points	movable; replaceable large-text panels	$180 including sample panel	closet shelf needed	none after setup
C. Volunteer greeters	can answer individual questions	flexible human help	no equipment quote	none	2 per hour + break backup

证据边界

• $45 / $180是当前报价，不等于最终付款。
• no equipment quote不等于“完全没有成本”；志愿者仍需要安排和培训。
• 表格没有证明任何方案适合所有访客；样板仍需测试易读性。

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本课负荷说明

本课有5项新的比较与决定词块。其余语言用于整合Unit 10—11。

1. We need a better option.

我们需要一个更合适的方案。中性；表示当前方案不能充分完成目标，不等于要求最昂贵方案。

2. Let's compare them by …

我们按……来比较。合作、中性；先共同确定标准，减少各说各话。

3. This option would …

这个方案会……。中性；说明在采用该方案的情况下可能产生的结果。

4. The downside is …

缺点是……。中性；指出真实代价，不必因此完全否定方案。

5. Based on …, the best fit is …

根据……，最合适的是……。中性；把决定与已说明的标准连接，不声称存在普遍“最佳”。

Don't Say It That Way

容易说出的句子	更准确的表达	原因
Option B is the best.	Based on our criteria, option B is the best fit.	明确标准和适用范围
Volunteers are free.	There is no equipment quote, but staffing is still required.	不把时间和组织成本说成零
The signs will solve accessibility.	The sample still needs to be tested for readability.	不做未经验证的全面承诺
Let's buy all three.	Let's choose a base plan and one limited support step.	控制范围与费用

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1. 识别地点和物品

the sign that faces the elevator
the closet that is behind the service desk
the place where visitors turn

2. 安排他人完成

We're having a sample panel printed.
We'll get the quote confirmed in writing.

3. 说明流程和结果

The quote was received yesterday.
A refund has been issued.
The full order will be placed after approval.

4. 组合而不堆叠

一句只承担一个主要信息。不要为“展示语法”把三套结构塞进一个过长句。

快速练习

1. Choose the sign __________ faces the elevator. (that)
2. We're having a sample __________ before ordering. (print)
3. The quote __________ yesterday. (receive, past passive)
4. Written approval __________ before the order. (obtain, future passive)
5. This is the place __________ visitors need direction. (where)

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Let's compare them by the same CRITERIA.
The advantage is CLARITY. / The downside is STORAGE.
Based on the evidence, / the best FIT is option B.

多人讨论中，criteria / advantage / downside / based on像路标。适度停顿能让听者知道你是在提出标准、证据还是结论。

影子跟读

先录30秒比较，再让听者只回答三件事：标准是什么、主要缺点是什么、结论依据是什么。答不出来时，调整路标与重音。

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A. 理解检查

1. The group compares the options only by price.
2. Wall arrows require approval for adhesive.
3. Standing signs are quoted at $180.
4. One volunteer can cover the full afternoon without breaks.
5. A sample panel will be tested before the full order.
6. The group assumes the duplicate-charge refund has already appeared on the card.

B. 标准—证据—结论

为每句标记 criterion / evidence / downside / decision。

1. The signs must be readable from the elevator.
2. Two standing signs are quoted at $180.
3. They need storage after the event.
4. The group chooses standing signs as the base plan.

C. Unit 11无提示检索

合上第41—43课，用英文新情境完成18项。

1. Identify the chair beside the window.
2. Identify an object by a feature using that.
3. Identify the staff member responsible for deliveries.
4. Identify the place used for returns.
5. Ask whether someone means the box with a blue label.
6. Confirm that the correctly described object is the right one.
7. Say you are arranging for a screen to be repaired tomorrow.
8. Say you are arranging for the cable to be checked.
9. Ask whether a quote includes labor.
10. Ask the cost of one additional part.
11. State that approval is needed before extra work.
12. State the condition under which an extra charge may occur.
13. Say one invoice produced two charges.
14. State when a payment was processed.
15. Say an invoice had already been paid.
16. State that a refund has been issued.
17. Ask when the refund will reach the account.
18. Request written confirmation.

D. Lesson 40跨单元检索

1. Ask the group what they would do.
2. Give advice without taking the decision away from them.
3. State the main trade-off between staffing and dependable coverage.
4. Name the lowest-risk base option.
5. State when the layout can be reconsidered.

E. 三方案讨论

两人根据第3部分比较。A负责提出标准与追问，B负责说明证据与缺点；交换角色后共同选择。必须：

• 使用至少四个标准；
• 指出每个方案一个真实优势或缺点；
• 不把报价写成已付款；
• 不把志愿者时间说成零成本；
• 说明需要测试的未知项。

F. 调解任务

向未参会的Sam用90—130词说明三项方案、共同标准、最终选择、样板测试、费用上限和他需要确认的存放位置。必须区分已决定与仍需验证。

G. 实用写作：决定确认消息

写110—160词给项目参与者。包括：

• 讨论目标与五项标准；
• 选择的基础方案和有限支持步骤；
• 选择理由与一个缺点；
• 样板测试；
• 报价、费用上限和书面批准；
• 负责人和下一更新时间；
• 许可边界不变。

H. 中译英情境表达

1. 我们需要一个更合适的方案。
2. 我们按清晰度、成本和人员安排来比较。
3. 这个方案会提供连续的路线。
4. 缺点是需要存放空间。
5. 根据我们的标准，两个立式指示牌最合适。

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现实三方案

选择一个低风险社区或家庭问题，例如共享储物、活动提醒或访客指引。提出三个可行方案和四项共同标准。

3—4分钟单元输出

1. 精确识别涉及的地点、物品和人员；
2. 说明哪些服务将由别人完成；
3. 说明已有报价或记录如何产生；
4. 比较三项方案；
5. 给出决定、费用边界、测试和复查点；
6. 用一句书面式总结收束。

一周后的复查

不看原稿，用90秒说明哪项证据变了、是否需要重新评估。没有新证据时，不虚构实施结果。

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为每项选择：能做到／还不稳定／需要重学。

• 我能用共同标准比较三个方案。
• 我能综合关系从句、使役结构和基础被动说明服务链。
• 我能区分报价、批准、订单、付款、退款和到账。
• 我能指出优势、缺点和仍需测试的未知项。
• 我能复述建议、决定和复查条件。
• 我能写一则110—160词、可供未参会者执行的决定确认消息。

若有两项以上选择“需要重学”，先重做第5部分和第7部分B—G；一周后为一个新问题完成三方案比较。