本课目标

学完本课，你能够：

• 用 who / that / where 提供识别所必需的信息；
• 区分相似的墙面、门、轨道和工作人员；
• 在不确定时用完整特征核对，而不是只说 this one / that one；
• 根据平面图写一则不会让维修人员走错位置的报告；
• 在给建议前先确认问题和选择。

场景词汇

• display rail 展示轨道
• bracket 支架
• lobby 大厅
• side gallery 侧展厅
• service desk 服务台
• floor plan 平面图
• facilities coordinator 设施协调员
• loose 松动的

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Which rail needs attention?

Daniel meets Lena in the arts-center lobby. During the internal rehearsal, they noticed a loose bracket on one display rail. No exhibit material was attached to it.

Part A — Three similar locations

Lena: Facilities asked for the exact location before they send anyone. Which rail did you mean?

Daniel: The one next to the elevator, on the wall that faces the service desk.

Lena: There are two rails near the elevator. Do you mean the long one that runs toward the front doors?

Daniel: No, the shorter one that ends beside the side-gallery entrance. Its left bracket moves slightly when the empty rail is touched.

Lena: That's the one above the narrow bench, right?

Daniel: Exactly. The long rail above the brochure table looks secure. I didn't test it; I only compared the brackets visually.

Lena: Good distinction. We should report what we observed, not diagnose the cause.

Daniel: Agreed. The place where we noticed the movement is about one meter to the right of the elevator doors.

Lena: And no photographs or sample cards were hanging there?

Daniel: None. We had already removed our own test materials before we noticed it.

Part B — Identifying the right person

Lena: Who handles this kind of request?

Daniel: The staff member who checked the gallery floor last week gave me a card. I think his name is Sam.

Lena: Sam is the facilities coordinator who manages contractor visits. I'll send the report to him, but I want to make the location impossible to confuse.

Daniel: Add the floor-plan code: Lobby Wall L-2. It's the rail that is next to the elevator and above the narrow bench.

Lena: Let me make sure I've got this right. L-2 is the short rail that faces the service desk. The left bracket is the part that moved. The long rail above the brochure table is not the reported one.

Daniel: Correct.

Lena: What would you do—close the whole lobby or just keep that rail unused?

Daniel: If I were you, I'd ask Sam. The safest option is to keep that rail unused until facilities gives instructions; we don't need to decide the building response ourselves.

Lena: That's sensible. I'll mark only L-2 as unavailable and ask Sam to confirm the next step.

Check the story

1. Which display rail has the loose bracket?
2. Which similar rail is not being reported?
3. What exactly did Daniel observe?
4. What was attached to the rail at the time?
5. Who is Sam?
6. What will Lena do before the location is inspected?

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Harbor Street Arts Center一层平面图

FRONT DOORS
     │
     ▼
┌──────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Brochure table     Long rail L-1     │
│                                      │
│ Service desk       Narrow bench      │
│                         Rail L-2      │
│                         [left bracket]│
│ ELEVATOR            Side gallery →   │
└──────────────────────────────────────┘

位置核对

只看图回答：

1. Which rail is above the brochure table?
2. Which rail is next to the elevator?
3. Where does the side-gallery entrance begin?
4. Which bracket is being reported?

平面图只能证明相对位置，不能证明松动原因、责任或维修方法。

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本课负荷说明

本课有6项全新主动表达。第40课的建议词块在主对话与练习中近距离复现。

1. The one next to …

……旁边的那个。中性；当双方都知道在比较哪类物品时使用。

2. The rail that …

那个……的轨道。that后提供识别该物品所必需的信息。

3. The person who …

那个……的人。who指人，帮助确认职责或身份。

4. The place where …

……的地方。where指地点，可替代较长的 the place in which …。

5. Do you mean the one that …?

你指的是那个……的吗？中性；相似对象较多时主动核对。

6. That's the one.

就是那个。中性、自然；只在前文特征已经足够明确时使用。

Don't Say It That Way

容易说出的句子	更准确的表达	原因
The rail which next to elevator.	The rail that is next to the elevator.	从句需要主语和动词
The person which handles repairs.	The person who handles repairs.	指人优先用who
The place which we met there.	The place where we met.	where后不再加there
Fix that one.	Please check rail L-2, the short one above the narrow bench.	单独that one可能指错

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1. who：识别人

The staff member who manages contractor visits is Sam.

2. that：识别物

The rail that faces the service desk is L-2.

口语中指物也常用 which；本课主动练习先用高频 that。

3. where：识别地点

This is the place where we noticed the movement.

4. 为什么这些信息不能删？

这里有不止一个工作人员、不止一条轨道。关系从句回答“到底是哪一个”，因此不加逗号。本课不教授补充性非限定关系从句。

快速练习

1. The technician __________ visited yesterday left a card.
2. The rail __________ ends beside the gallery needs attention.
3. This is the place __________ the bracket moved.
4. Do you mean the door __________ faces the elevator?
5. Sam is the person __________ arranges contractor visits.

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The SHORT rail / that ends beside the GALLERY.
Not the LONG one / above the brochure TABLE.
The staff member / who handles FACILITIES requests.

关系词通常不重读；真正区分对象的名词、形容词和地点需要清楚。对比时把 short / long 读出差别。

影子跟读

先读完整特征，再缩短为 That's the one。如果听者还不能指出对象，就不能过早缩短。

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A. 理解检查

判断 True 或 False。

1. Rail L-1 is being reported.
2. Rail L-2 is above a narrow bench.
3. Daniel knows why the bracket moved.
4. Test materials had already been removed.
5. Sam manages contractor visits.
6. Lena decides to repair the bracket herself.

B. 选择 who / that / where

1. The worker __________ called this morning is Sam.
2. The bracket __________ moved is on the left.
3. The lobby is the place __________ visitors enter.
4. The note __________ includes code L-2 is accurate.
5. The person __________ receives the report works in facilities.

C. 合并句子

1. The short rail needs attention. It ends beside the gallery.
2. Sam is the coordinator. He manages contractor visits.
3. This is the lobby wall. We noticed the movement here.
4. The long rail is secure. It hangs above the brochure table.

D. Lesson 40近距离检索

不看第40课，用完整英文回应。

1. Ask Daniel what he would do while the location is waiting for inspection.
2. Give advice from Daniel's point of view without taking over Lena's decision.
3. State the main trade-off between closing the lobby and keeping one rail unused.
4. Name the lowest-risk temporary response.
5. Say the response can be reviewed if facilities gives new instructions.

E. 平面图信息差

伙伴A只能看第3部分平面图，伙伴B只能看以下工单：

“Please inspect the display rail near the elevator. One bracket moves.”

B必须追问，A必须用 who / that / where 补齐。最后共同形成包含 floor / code / landmark / part / observation 的维修位置描述。

F. 实用写作：维修位置报告

写80—120词给Sam。必须包括：

• 平面图代码L-2；
• 两个地标；
• 与L-1的区别；
• 松动的是哪个部件；
• 只报告观察，不推断原因；
• 当前临时措施。

G. 中译英情境表达

1. 是电梯旁边的那个。
2. 是那个朝向服务台的短轨道。
3. Sam是安排承包商来访的人。
4. 这是我们注意到支架移动的地方。
5. 你指的是那个延伸到前门的长轨道吗？
6. 对，就是那个。

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现实定位任务

选择家中、办公室或公共场所一个无安全风险、适合报告的问题，例如坏椅子、标签错误或不工作的灯。画一个简单平面图，标出两个相似对象。

2分钟说明

只看图，不写完整稿。至少使用一个 who、两个 that 和一个 where 从句。请听者复述具体对象；如果复述错误，补充地标而不是重复 that one。

三天后的间隔复习

换一张新平面图，在60秒内确认地点、物品和负责人。准确优先于速度。

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为每项选择：能做到／还不稳定／需要重学。

• 我能用 who 识别相关人员。
• 我能用 that 区分相似物品。
• 我能用 where 识别地点。
• 我能根据平面图提供代码、地标和具体部件。
• 我能把观察和原因推断分开。
• 我能写一则80—120词的准确维修位置报告。

若有两项以上选择“需要重学”，先重做第5部分和第7部分B—F；三天后换一张平面图再完成一次定位。