本课目标

学完本课，你能够围绕过去几年的生活经历完成一段60—90秒的交流，并做到：

• 用现在完成时概括“从过去到现在”的经历或变化；
• 用一般过去时说明事情发生的具体时间和细节；
• 听到一项经历后，自然地追问“什么时候”和“过程怎么样”；
• 复用第1课的表达，完成一次真正的叙旧。

热身

先用你现有的英语简单回答，不必担心时态是否完全正确：

1. What have you done in the past few years that was new for you?
2. When did you do it?

比较自己的两个答案：第一题是在概括一段经历，第二题是在说一个已经结束的具体时间。本课要练的正是这个区别。

场景词汇

• take a training course 参加培训课程
• work remotely 远程工作
• commute 通勤
• photograph 给……拍照
• make something a project 把某件事发展成一个项目

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A proper catch-up

Daniel checked his schedule after the chance meeting and sent Maya a message that evening. One week later, they meet for lunch near Riverton General.

Part A — The past few years

Maya: Thanks for getting back to me. It's nice to have more than five minutes this time.

Daniel: Definitely. We can finally catch up. What have you been up to since I left Riverton?

Maya: Quite a lot. I've changed roles at the hospital, as you know, and I've taken a few short training courses.

Daniel: When did you take the most recent one?

Maya: Three months ago. It was a three-day course for hospital trainers.

Daniel: How did that go?

Maya: Really well. I met trainers from five other hospitals and came home with too many ideas.

Daniel: That sounds like you.

Maya: Maybe. Are you still getting used to working from home?

Daniel: Not really. I've worked remotely on lots of different projects.

Maya: When did you start?

Daniel: About two years ago, right after I left my old job.

Part B — A new photography idea

Maya: What about Seattle? Have you been back since you moved back?

Daniel: Not yet. I still have friends there, but I don't miss the traffic. I don't commute anymore.

Maya: That's a big change.

Daniel: It is. And I've taken more pictures since I moved back.

Maya: Really? What have you photographed?

Daniel: Mostly places that have changed. Last Sunday, I photographed part of the old bookstore sign behind Corner Table.

Maya: I didn't know any of it was still there.

Daniel: Only a small part. Here—it's on my phone.

Maya: Oh, I like it. Have you ever thought about making this a project?

Daniel: Not until now.

Maya: What made you start taking these pictures?

Daniel: Moving back. I used to walk past these places without thinking. Now I notice what's different.

Maya: Well, I'm glad we finally did this.

Daniel: Me too. Eight years is a lot to fit into one lunch.

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Check the story

先不看译文，回答下面的问题：

1. When did Daniel reply to Maya after their chance meeting?
2. What has Maya done since Daniel left Riverton?
3. When did Maya take her most recent training course?
4. Does Daniel commute now?
5. What did Daniel photograph last Sunday?
6. What new idea does Maya suggest?

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本课负荷说明

本课有6项全新主动表达：What have you been up to?、Have you...since...?、Have you ever...?、When did you...?、How did that go?、What made you...?。

另外4项来自第1课：get back to someone、catch up、Are you still...?、That's a big change. 其中前三项做近距离复现，并在第4课进入无提示检索；That's a big change 从“听懂”推进到能够主动回应。全课全新或升级的主动负荷仍控制在7项以内。

1. What have you been up to?

你最近／这些年都在忙什么？用于熟人之间友好地询问一段时间内的近况，语气随意到中性。

What have you been up to since you left college?

2. Have you ... since ...?

自从……以后，你有没有……？用于询问从过去某一点到现在的经历或变化，语气中性。

Have you traveled much since you changed jobs?

3. Have you ever ...?

你有没有过……的经历？不问具体哪一次，先确认经验，语气中性。

Have you ever taken an online cooking class?

如果对方回答 Yes，再用一般过去时追问具体的一次：

When did you take it?

4. When did you ...?

你什么时候……的？询问一个已经发生、时间明确的动作。

When did you move back?

5. How did that go?

那件事进行得怎么样？用于对方提到一次活动、会面、课程或面试后自然追问，语气随意到中性。

You had an interview yesterday. How did that go?

6. What made you ...?

是什么让你……的？询问原因或触发点，通常比直接问 Why did you...? 更有探究和关心的感觉。

What made you decide to learn English again?

7. Thanks for getting back to me.

谢谢你回复我。复现第1课的 get back to someone，用于对方查看信息后如约回复，语气中性。

Thanks for getting back to me so quickly.

8. We finally have time to catch up.

我们终于有时间好好叙叙旧了。复现 catch up，适用于一段时间没见的熟人。

Let's get some coffee and catch up.

9. Are you still ...?

你还在……吗？复现第1课中确认情况是否继续的问法。

Are you still working with the same team?

10. That's a big change.

变化真不小。用于回应换工作、搬家或生活方式变化，语气中性；本课开始要求主动调用。

You work four days a week now? That's a big change.

Don't Say It That Way

容易说出的句子	更自然的说法
What did you do these years?	What have you been up to?
Have you gone there last year?	Did you go there last year?
When have you started?	When did you start?
How was it going?（询问已结束的一次活动）	How did that go?

第一列最后一句在其他语境可能成立，但询问一件已经结束的活动时，How did that go? 更自然。

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这两个时态都可以谈过去，但说话者关注的角度不同。

现在完成时：先谈截至现在的经历或变化

结构：

have / has + 过去分词

对话中的例子：

I have taken a few short training courses.
Have you been back since you moved back?
What have you photographed?

这里没有把注意力放在某一个已经结束的时间点，而是在概括“到现在为止”的经历、结果或变化。

常见形式：

肯定	否定	问句
I've taken a course.	I haven't taken one.	Have you taken one?
She's changed roles.	She hasn't changed roles.	Has she changed roles?

本课常见过去分词：been、done、taken、worked、changed、photographed。

一般过去时：再说已经结束的时间或具体细节

对话中的例子：

I took the course three months ago.
I started about two years ago.
Last Sunday, I photographed the old sign.

three months ago、last Sunday、in 2024、yesterday 都指向已经结束的时间，通常使用一般过去时。

最实用的对话顺序

真实交流常用下面的两步：

1. 用现在完成时问“有没有这类经历”；
2. 用一般过去时追问“具体哪一次、什么时候、怎么样”。

A: Have you ever taken a photography course?
B: Yes, I have.
A: When did you take it?
B: I took one last summer.
A: How did that go?
B: It was great.

since在本课中的作用

since + 过去的起点 表示“从那个起点一直到现在”。主句常用现在完成时，since 后面的起点动作使用一般过去时。

I've taken more pictures since I moved back.

本课只掌握这种基本用法。用 for 和 since 精确描述持续时间会在第21课系统复习。

一个关键限制

不要把现在完成时和明确、已经结束的过去时间直接放在一起：

I have taken the course three months ago.
I took the course three months ago.

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本课页面已提供完整自然对话、可调语速的逐句跟读和单句循环。先完整听懂故事，再使用跟读模式模仿重音、节奏和语调。

在自然口语中，陈述句里的 have 常缩写：

I have changed roles. → I've changed roles.
I have taken a course. → I've taken a course.

在问句中，have 通常读得较轻，真正的新信息更突出：

What have you been UP TO?
Have you been BACK since you MOVED?

说到具体时间时，把时间读清楚：

I've taken a few training courses.
I took the most recent one THREE MONTHS AGO.

录音练习

先按意群读，再连起来：

What have you been up to / since I left Riverton?
Have you ever thought / about making this a project?
I took the course / three months ago.

录完后检查：缩写没有吞掉主要动词；具体时间仍然清楚。

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A. 理解检查

判断正误。正确写 T，错误写 F。

1. Daniel waited a week before replying to Maya.
2. Maya has taken several short training courses.
3. Maya's most recent course lasted three weeks.
4. Daniel started working remotely about two years ago.
5. Daniel still commutes every day.
6. Maya sees one of Daniel's photographs during lunch.

B. 现在完成时还是一般过去时？

选择括号中合适的形式。

1. Maya (has taken / took) several training courses since she changed roles.
2. She (has taken / took) the most recent one three months ago.
3. Daniel (has worked / worked) on many remote projects since he left his old job.
4. He (has started / started) working remotely about two years ago.
5. Daniel (hasn't been / wasn't) back to Seattle since he moved back.
6. We (have met / met) at a café last Sunday.
7. Daniel (has taken / took) more pictures since he moved back.
8. When (have you changed / did you change) roles?

C. 完成追问

从方框中选择合适的表达。每项只用一次。

What have you been up to · Have you ever · When did you · How did that go · What made you

1. A: __________ since you moved away?
   B: I've changed jobs and started cooking more.

2. A: I've taken a public-speaking course.
   B: __________ take it?

3. A: I took it last month.
   B: __________?

4. A: __________ lived in another country?
   B: No, I haven't.

5. A: I started running before work.
   B: __________ start doing that?

D. 第1课近距离复现

根据提示，用 used to、still 或 not...anymore 完成句子。

1. Daniel __________ (live) in Seattle, but he lives in Riverton now.
2. He __________ has friends in Seattle.
3. He doesn't commute __________.
4. Maya __________ works at Riverton General.
5. She __________ (work) on the wards, but she moved into staff training last year.

E. 把意思说得自然

根据中文情境写出自然英文。答案不必逐字对应。

1. 问老朋友：“这些年你都在忙什么？”
2. 问朋友：“你搬回来以后回过西雅图吗？”
3. 追问：“你什么时候开始远程工作的？”
4. 对方刚提到一次培训，你问：“那次培训怎么样？”
5. 朋友开始了一个摄影项目，你问：“是什么让你开始做这件事的？”
6. 对方如约回复后，你说：“谢谢你回复我。我们终于有时间好好聊聊了。”
7. 朋友说自己以前每天通勤，现在完全居家办公。先用一句话回应这个明显变化。

F. 两步时间线

把下面每组提示写成两句话：先用现在完成时概括经历，再用一般过去时说具体的一次。

示例：take cooking classes / last winter

I've taken a few cooking classes. I took the most recent one last winter.

1. visit several new cities / go to Boston in May
2. work on different projects / finish a website last week
3. try new sports / take a tennis lesson on Saturday

G. 阅读一则人物近况卡

先读下面这则独立材料，再回答问题。它不是主对话的一部分。

Marta: Recent Changes
Marta still works at the Riverton Library, but a lot has changed outside work. She has moved closer to the library, and she doesn't drive there anymore. She moved in February and started walking to work the next week. She has also tried several new hobbies. Last Saturday, she took her first cooking class. Two weeks ago, she joined a weekend book group, and the group has met twice so far.

1. What two changes has Marta made to where she lives or how she gets to work?
2. When did she move?
3. What did she do last Saturday?
4. How many times has the book group met so far?

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60—90秒个人口语任务

画一条“过去几年到现在”的简单时间线，写下三项真实经历或变化。每项只写关键词，不写完整稿。然后录制一段叙旧对话，独自扮演双方：

1. 用 What have you been up to? 开始；
2. 用现在完成时概括至少两项经历；
3. 用 When did you...? 追问一次具体经历；
4. 用一般过去时回答具体时间和一个细节；
5. 至少复现一次 still、used to 或 not...anymore；
6. 用一个自然回应继续对话。

可以使用下面的骨架，但第二次录音只看时间线关键词：

A: What have you been up to in the past few years?
B: I've __________, and I've __________.
A: When did you __________?
B: I __________ last __________.
A: How did that go?
B: __________. I used to / still / don't...anymore __________.

随机互动验证

请真人学习伙伴或语音助手从下面选择两项追问，不要提前告诉你选哪两项：

• Have you ever tried something completely new?
• When did you do that?
• How did that go?
• What made you start?
• Are you still doing it?

你需要现场回答，并至少反问对方一次。独自照稿录音只能用于排练，不能证明真实互动能力。

互动写作

给一位很久没联系的朋友写一条40—60词的英文消息：

• 简单说明自己近年的一项变化；
• 问对方一项截至现在的经历；
• 再问一个可以回答具体时间的问题；
• 提议找时间叙旧。

隔天复习

第二天不看课文，只看以下四个提示，重新录制45秒：

recent experience · exact time · one follow-up · one old/new contrast

如果你只会说具体过去事件，却不能先概括经历，回看第5部分；如果你在 last year / ago 前仍使用 have + 过去分词，重新完成练习B。

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为每一项选择：能做到／还不稳定／需要重学。

• 我能用现在完成时概括一项截至现在的经历或变化。
• 我能用一般过去时说明一次经历的具体时间和细节。
• 我能先问 Have you...?，再用 When did you...? 自然追问。
• 我不会把现在完成时直接和 last year、yesterday、ago 连用。
• 我能复用 used to、still、not...anymore 描述过去和现在。
• 我能在没有完整稿子的情况下完成60—90秒叙旧交流。
• 我能在对方随机追问时作答，并反问一个相关问题。

如果有两项以上选择“需要重学”，隔一天重新完成练习B、F和口语任务。